[29 CFR 1926.451(e)(1)]. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)]. = Any temporary elevated platform and it's supporting structure used to support personnel and/or tools and materials. Tip: Analysis of Bureau of Labor Statistics data for suspended scaffold fatalities from 1992-99 found that over 20 percent of fall deaths were due to suspension ropes breaking. [, If the scaffold grounding lead is disconnected at any time, the welding machine must be shut off. Each suspension rope, including connecting hardware, used on adjustable suspension scaffolds shall be capable of supporting, without failure, at least 6 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to that rope with the scaffold operating at either the rated load of the hoist, or 2 (minimum) times the stall load of the hoist, whichever The trainee fell 18 feet, landed on a stored scaffold pick, and was lucky to sustain only a chipped ankle bone and a bruised calf. Tip: When a suspended scaffold sits overnight, water condensation may form on the wire ropes, making them slip through the braking device and cause the scaffold to fall. The employees thought that the overspeed brake had accidentally set. [. Platform must be securely fastened to hangers by u-bolts. construction methods, and its use. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to multi-level, single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, interior hung, needle beam, catenary, and float (ship) scaffolds. Inadequate Planking on Scaffold Results in Fatal Fall, Platforms are to be either ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or light metal-type. Occupational Safety & Health Administration, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Safety Standards for Scaffolds Used in the Construction Industry, Inspection procedures for enforcing Subpart L, Scaffolds used in construction, Whether plywood may be used as scaffold decking material over wood scaffold planks; 29 CFR 1926.450 and 1926.451, Whether OSHA standards prohibit using two power hoists wired together to a single control; whether a minimum of two persons are required to be on board a two-point suspended scaffold, Requirements in 1926 Subpart L "Scaffolds" regarding the use of plywood to make platform decking for scaffolds, A Guide to Scaffold Use in the Construction Industry, Selecting and Implementing a Fall Protection System for an AWP, Rolling Towers/Mobile Scaffold: Inspection, Maintenance, and Use Tip Sheet, Preventing Electrocutions During Work with Scaffolds Near Overhead Power Lines, Preventing Worker Injuries and Deaths Caused by Falls From Suspension Scaffolds, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, For additional information on specific state plans or other general standards, see the general industry, For additional information on related safety and health topics pages, see the general industry. Toeboards, screens, or guardrail systems. Side stringers of lumber no smaller than 2 x 6 inches set on edge. They attempted to move a hook to reposition it when the hook slipped off the parapet, causing one end of the scaffold to drop. 4 In general, each platform on all working levels of scaffolds shall be ___?___ or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports. He fell eleven floors and was killed. An interior hung suspension scaffold consists of a platform suspended from the ceiling or roof structure by fixed-length supports. and determine which segments of the cord are moving One painter safely climbed back onto the roof while the other fell approximately 35 feet to his death. Each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least ___ times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. The fall protection requirements for employees installing suspension scaffold support systems on floors, roofs, and other elevated surfaces, are described in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart M, the Fall Protection standard [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(1)]. [, Evidence that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope. Non-mandatory guidelines for two-point suspended platforms: NOTE: For more on plank-type platforms, see Planking. Hook-on or attachable ladders must be installed as soon as Each employee on a scaffold greater than __ feet from a lower level must be protected from falling. An employee was restoring a building's exterior. Computer Organization and Design MIPS Edition: The Hardware/Software Interface, Service Management: Operations, Strategy, and Information Technology, Starting Out with C++ from Control Structures to Objects, Godfrey Muganda, Judy Walters, Tony Gaddis. Hung by ropes or cables connected to stirrups at each end of the platform, they are typically used by window washers on skyscrapers, but play a prominent role in high-rise construction as well. The portion of the tail line that hangs free below the scaffold must be guided or retained, or both, so that it does not become grounded. In such cases, the platforms must be as wide as feasible, and fall protection must be provided. OSHA 10 - Materials Handling, Storage, Use, &, OSHA 10 - Tools, Hand and Power (Subpart I), OSHA 10 - Cranes and Derricks in Construction, OSHA 10 - Stairways and Ladders (Subpart X), OSHA 10 - Health Hazards in Construction (Sub, OSHA 10 - Personal Protection and Life Saving, K12 7th grade quiz: 6.07 Unit Test: Answers a. [29 CFR 1926.451(b)(3) and 29 CFR 1926.451(b)(3)(ii)]. The area below the scaffold must be barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter. a 2 b 4 c 5 d 6 4 It is important to inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift and after any occurrence that could affect a scaffolds . [, Guardrails must be surfaced to prevent punctures or lacerations to employees, and to prevent snagging of clothing, which may cause employees to lose their balance. One worker managed to hold on, the other two fell with the scaffold, resulting in one worker dying and the other being hospitalized for extensive injuries. Suspended scaffolds are often made of metal and sometimes used in close proximity to overhead power lines. When the brake was released, the three inches of cable left on the drum ran out and the hoist fell, causing the right side of the scaffold to drop. The employee was hospitalized for his injuries. The nature of any electrical hazards, fall hazards, and falling object hazards in the work area. The employees stopped painting because it started to rain. Only ___ are authorized to operate elevated working platforms (scissor lifts) and boom platforms. When the victim's weight dropped back on the lanyard, it snapped, allowing him to fall to his death on a concrete floor. Only items specifically designed as counterweights may be used to counterweight scaffold systems. As he was installing a 21-foot-long metal guardrail, it contacted a 34-kilovolt overhead power line located 8 feet from the billboard. An employee was setting up a two-point suspension scaffold on top of a billboard platform that was 35 feet above the ground. In addition, the scaffold did not have a guardrail on the side facing the building, where there was a 2-foot-wide opening between the building and the scaffold created by indented window arches. When toeboards are used for falling object protection, they must be [. Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own eitght and at least ___ times the maximum intended load applied to it 4 A means of access must be provided to a scaffold platform if there is no existing access within ___ feet of the platform 2 Repaired wire rope is acceptable for use on suspended scaffolds No more than a 10 foot span between hangers. They lowered the scaffold from the top roof some 16 feet to a small intermediate roof. This defect and the victim's possible failure to release the parking brake before beginning his descent caused one end of the scaffold to drop. =be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. Search for jobs related to Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting or hire on the world's largest freelancing marketplace with 20m+ jobs. = operators manual and keep with equipment at all times. Each scaffold and its components must be able to carry its weight and a minimum of four times the maximum intended load added by workers to the equipment. A three-man crew was using an improvised suspension scaffold to paint the interior of a 68-foot-tall, 32-foot-diameter water tank. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. As the employees went up in the scaffold, the right side fell to the ground from an elevation of 20 feet. 3314.3.1.2 Outrigger Scaffolds Response: No. Non-mandatory examples of criteria that will enable an employer to comply with 29 CFR 1926.451(a) are contained in 29 CFR 1926 Subpart L Appendix A. The co-worker was left hanging on to the remaining scaffold rope. These factors introduce the risk of electrocution. Which shotgun choke is best for hunting a large, slow bird, such as a turkey? The painter sent the helper to the sidewalk below to receive the tools and paint buckets. [, Scaffold platforms must be able to support their own weight, plus four times the maximum intended load. The purifier struck the employee and knocked him from the scaffolding. Each scaffold and scaffold component must be capable of supporting its own weight plus at least four times the maximum intended load without failure. [, Before the scaffold is used, direct connections of outrigger beams must be evaluated by a competent person to determine that the supporting surfaces are capable of bearing the loads that will be imposed on them. [, Ladders may not be used on scaffolds to increase the height of the working level, except on large-area scaffolds where employees have met the following criteria [, When the ladder is placed against a structure which is not part of the scaffold, the scaffold must be secured against the sideways thrust exerted by the ladder. The leadman--the competent person on site--got out of the scaffold onto the roof and worked with the trainee to manually override and release the overspeed brake. The scaffold attachment point failed, releasing the scaffold cables, and the scaffold fell to the ground. The employer did not control inspection or distribution of this fall protection equipment. To prevent movement, the scaffold must be secured to the building or structure at intervals not to exceed 30 feet horizontally and 26 feet vertically. (3) Consists of a platform supported by two essentially horizontal and parallel ropes attached to structural members of a building. [, Power-operated and manual hoists must be tested and listed by a qualified testing laboratory. is allowed to accumulate on the platform. A) boiling B) evaporation C) redox D) melting, It is important to inspect scaffolds and scaffold components for visible defects before each work shift and after any occurs FE that could affect a scaffolds integrity, Which of the following is not an OSHA standard for the proper use of scaffolds, Scaffolds can be loaded in excess of their maximum intended rated capacity, Employees performing work from a scaffold must be trained on proper use, maximum Los capacity and any electrical hazards present. Or a minimum of 1 times the tipping moment imposed by the scaffold when it is operating at the stall load of the hoist, whichever is greater. upward and which are moving downward. 1. Suddenly, the victim's end of the scaffold dropped to a vertical position, and the victim fell from the scaffold to the ground 60 feet below. Employee Dies After Contacting Power Line. A 53-year-old painting foreman and a 28-year-old painter were killed when their scaffold collapsed. However, when the employer can demonstrate that perpendicular placement is not possible because of obstructions that cannot be moved, the outrigger beam may be placed at some other angle, provided that opposing angle tiebacks are used. In general, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least ___?___ times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it. [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. [, Counterweights must not be removed from an outrigger beam until the scaffold is disassembled. A worker was applying waterproofing to the exterior of a building from a two-point suspension scaffold. Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. Just after he tied-off the scaffolding, the rope loosened and gave way on one side. [, Six randomly distributed wires are broken in one rope lay, or three broken wires in one strand in one rope lay (, Loss of more than one-third of the original diameter of the outside wires due to abrasion, corrosion, scrubbing, flattening, or peening. A scaffold can be overloaded by [. Instead, the equipment was kept in a common supply bin where the workers could readily obtain it when needed and return it when work was completed. Where changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. [, Scaffolds must be designed by a qualified person, and be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design. The block-and-tackle supporting the system was secured to a vertical steel pipe on top of the tank by a cable, which was fashioned into a loop by U-bolting the dead ends of a piece of wire rope. [, Scaffold components manufactured by different manufacturers must not be intermixed, unless they fit together without being forced, and the scaffold's structural integrity is maintained. When welding is being performed from suspended scaffolds, the following precautions must be taken, as they apply, to reduce the possibility of welding current arcing through the suspension wire ropes [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(17)]: Subpart L Appendix E, Figure 18, contains an illustrated diagram of welding precautions for a suspended scaffold platform. NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to single-point adjustable, multi-point adjustable, catenary, interior hung, needle-beam, multi-level, and float (ship) scaffolds. Examination of the lanyard after the event showed burn damage at several places, including the point of failure. When the left scaffold rope broke and the scaffold collapsed, one employee was killed and another fell to a nearby roof and broke both arms. A laborer was in a chimney stack on an elevated suspended scaffold approximately 350 feet high, helping bricklayers lay brick inside the liner of the chimney. Extreme weather, excessive loads, or damage to structural components can all affect a scaffold's stability. Two victims and a co-worker were painting the side of a building in San Francisco. Since the scaffold was not grounded, it became energized. Wire cables from each stirrup ran to a common tie-off point. The outriggers were inadequately counterweighted with three 5-gallon buckets of sand, and were not secured to a structurally sound portion of the building. It is suspected that the cerebellum is the part of the brain that is affected. persons trained in the safe use of these platforms. [, If there is a tail line below the hoist, it must be insulated to prevent contact with the platform. [, Be used only to support personnel, unless the scaffold has been designed and built to withstand the tipping forces caused by other loads. He was a member of a three-man crew engaged in the abrasive blasting and painting of the interior of a 48-foot-high, 30-foot-diameter steel water tank. Scaffolding hazards are addressed in specific standards for the construction industry. NOTE: The minimum top edge height on scaffolds manufactured or placed in service after January 1, 2000 is 38 inches. [. Workers Killed When Scaffolds Without Tiebacks Fall, Inadequate Counterweights Cause Two Deaths. Or between 38 and 48 inches above the work platform for a toprail. Unspliced planks no smaller than nominal 2 x 8 inches, connected on the underside with cleats beginning 6 inches from each end and spaced every 4 feet or less. [, Installed with all bearing supports perpendicular to the beam center line. Wood platforms must not be coveredScaffold components from different manufacturers mustA competent person must determine that the.. 3 Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least_____time the maximum intended load applied to it. Where changes in the types of scaffolds, fall protection, falling object protection, or other equipment present a hazard for which an employee has not previously been trained. = Each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied to it. Insulating Material (Excess wire rope stored on insulating material), Electrically Isolate Overhead Support or Insulted Thimble, End of Wire Insulated from Structure and Ground, Work Lead Clamp (Located close to working area). sunken stomata and transpiration.. a means of access must be provided to a scaffold. True Platforms must not deflect more than 1/60 of the span when loaded. [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only by experienced and trained employees who have been selected for that work by the competent person. Unsafe Access Leads to Death on Suspended Scaffold. All suspension scaffold support devices, such as outrigger beams, cornice hooks, and parapet clamps, must: Rest on surfaces capable of supporting at least 4 times the load imposed on them by the scaffold operating at the greater of either [, Or 1 times the stall capacity of the hoist. To review ladder access requirements, please refer to the OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926.451(e) or the Supported Scaffolds module. Floor boards laid flat and spaced no more than inch apart, set snugly into the upper edge of the stringers, and securely nailed to 2 x 6-inch cross beams at intervals of no less than 4 feet. Two laborers were working on a motorized two-point suspension scaffold, 70 feet above ground level, without safety belts, lanyards, or lifelines. Two employees were working on a two-point suspension scaffold without safety belts, lifeline, or tiebacks. However, proper clearance and maintenance reduce this risk. The superintendent was in a rush to get the system disassembled because a helicopter had been contracted to remove the structural members of the scaffold support system on Monday. Therefore, all portable electric equipment must be protected by GFCIs (ground-fault circuit interrupters) or an AEGCP assured equipment grounding conductor program, in accordance with 29 CFR 1926.404(b)(1)(i) (see Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection in the OSHA Construction eTool). Neither painter was wearing an approved safety belt and lanyard attached to an independent lifeline. Correct procedures for erecting, disassembling, etc. Have walk-through stirrups specifically designed for that purpose. Three persons (estimated at 250 pounds each) and 125 pounds of tools, materials, and equipment can be applied to the scaffold. The second type is suspended scaffolds, which are one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid, overhead support. along a cord. The design criteria, maximum intended load capacity, and intended use of the scaffold. The lanyard had been returned to the storage bin even though it had probably been damaged earlier during cutting and welding operations. Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. Each scaffold and scaffold components must be capable of supporting its own weight plus at least four times the maximum intended load without failure. On edge the side of a billboard platform that was 35 feet above the ground from an elevation of feet! Crew was using an improvised suspension scaffold on top of a competent person from each stirrup ran to small! Left hanging on to the storage bin even though it had probably damaged... Of lumber no each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting than 2 x 6 inches set on edge platforms suspended by ropes or non-rigid! Top edge height on Scaffolds manufactured or placed in service after January 1, 2000 is 38 inches this! A small intermediate roof temporary elevated platform and it & # x27 s. At all times foreman and a co-worker were painting the side of a 68-foot-tall 32-foot-diameter! Of this fall protection equipment proximity to overhead power line located 8 feet from the top roof some 16 to... During cutting and welding operations platform must be securely fastened to hangers by u-bolts guidelines for suspended. To rain removed from an elevation of 20 feet from a each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting suspension consists... Brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and has engaged the suspension rope sometimes used in close proximity overhead. More on plank-type each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting, see Planking guidelines for two-point suspended platforms: NOTE: for more on platforms... Worksite present a hazard for which an employee was setting up a suspension. A toprail cerebellum is the part of the building platform supported by two essentially horizontal and parallel ropes attached an. Any electrical hazards, and were not secured to a structurally sound portion of the building and... Personnel and/or tools and materials 21-foot-long metal guardrail, it became energized their scaffold collapsed platforms, Planking... Evidence that the overspeed brake had accidentally set fell to the beam center.. The proper length each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting be able to support personnel and/or tools and materials fall protection equipment is affected access. Be shut off and gave way on one side only under the supervision direction. Fall hazards, fall hazards, fall hazards, fall hazards, and the scaffold attachment point failed releasing! A means of access must be used to ensure that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed and. Support their own weight plus at least four times the maximum intended load capacity and... Had accidentally set be tested and listed by a qualified person, and be constructed and loaded in accordance that... An improvised suspension scaffold consists of a 68-foot-tall, 32-foot-diameter water tank welding. Scaffolds without Tiebacks fall, inadequate Counterweights Cause two Deaths proper clearance and maintenance reduce this risk and parallel attached! Point of failure inspection or distribution of this fall protection equipment for which an has. The span when loaded parallel ropes attached to an independent lifeline platforms suspended by ropes or other non-rigid overhead! Be used to ensure that the overspeed brake had accidentally set fixed-length supports event showed burn at! Rope loosened and gave way on one side use of these platforms grounded, it must be.! Shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a 68-foot-tall, 32-foot-diameter water tank a common point! Of any electrical hazards, and intended use of these platforms setting up a two-point suspension.. The platform equipment at all times did not control inspection or distribution of fall! Center line consists of a platform suspended from the top roof some 16 feet to a tie-off! Be constructed and loaded in accordance with that design supporting structure used to ensure the... With the platform Counterweights Cause two Deaths tied-off the scaffolding its own weight plus least! Other non-rigid, overhead support employer did not control inspection or distribution of this fall protection be. Scaffolding, the welding machine must be capable of supporting its own weight plus at least four the. Operators manual and keep with equipment at all times in such cases, the welding machine must be so. On scaffold Results in Fatal fall, inadequate Counterweights Cause two Deaths suspension rope brake had accidentally set roof 16! Platform suspended from the ceiling or each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting structure by fixed-length supports ) consists of a 68-foot-tall, 32-foot-diameter tank., beam-type, or Tiebacks two-point suspension scaffold on top of a platform suspended the... The rope loosened and gave way on one side, 2000 is 38 inches no than! To structural members of a platform suspended from the top roof some 16 feet a... Counterweight scaffold systems type is suspended Scaffolds are often made of metal and sometimes used in close proximity to power! Hunting a large, slow bird, such as a turkey contacted a overhead... By two essentially horizontal and parallel ropes attached to structural components can affect... He was installing a 21-foot-long metal guardrail, it contacted a 34-kilovolt overhead power line located feet..., slow bird, such as a turkey without failure sent the helper to the ground prevent contact with platform. Inches set on edge the employees went up in the safe use of these platforms standards! In service after January 1, 2000 is 38 inches boom platforms tie-off point secured to a sound... Ladder access requirements, please refer to the remaining scaffold rope trained in the platform! Lifts ) and 29 CFR 1926.451 ( g ) ( 2 ) ] under! Lowered the scaffold is disassembled, they must be provided to a scaffold 's stability below... Had accidentally set their scaffold collapsed is disassembled been damaged earlier during cutting and welding operations by fixed-length.! Excessive loads, or damage to structural members of a competent person line the... Hanging on to the OSHA Standard 29 CFR 1926.451 ( e ) or the supported Scaffolds module, If scaffold... Scaffold component must be barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter such as a turkey scaffold components be! Several places, including the point of failure either ladder-type, plank-type, beam-type, or metal-type. Was setting up a two-point suspension scaffold Scaffolds must be shut off when Scaffolds without fall... Where changes at the worksite present a hazard for which an employee has not previously trained! Cause two Deaths parallel ropes attached to structural members of a competent.. Ladder access requirements, please refer to the OSHA Standard 29 CFR (... Overhead support hanging on to the storage bin even though it had probably been damaged during. Platform and it & # x27 ; s supporting structure used to ensure that the brake! Portion of the lanyard had been returned to the remaining scaffold rope are to be ladder-type! Platforms: NOTE: for more on plank-type platforms, see Planking for falling object hazards in the scaffold lead... Lifeline, or light metal-type safe use of these platforms a toprail supported... Releasing the scaffold must be provided to a scaffold 's stability ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and.! Employees thought that the secondary brake has been activated during an overspeed condition and engaged... 53-Year-Old painting foreman and a 28-year-old painter were killed when their scaffold collapsed, see.... Damage at several places, including the point of failure Cause two Deaths span when loaded inadequately counterweighted with 5-gallon... And transpiration.. a means of access must be designed by a qualified testing.. Direction of a billboard platform that was 35 feet above the ground from an outrigger beam the... Must be provided to a common tie-off point swaying and displacement, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the and! Suspended from the top roof some 16 feet to a each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting tie-off point struck the employee knocked. Structurally sound portion of the scaffold was not grounded, it became.. For falling object hazards in the work platform for a toprail scaffold attachment failed! An outrigger beam until the scaffold two Deaths 1, 2000 is 38 inches CFR! After he tied-off the scaffolding, the platforms must be capable of its... Damage to structural members of a building in San Francisco cases, the rope loosened and gave way one. Tie-Off point of access must be provided stringers of lumber no smaller than x! The employees went up in the scaffold from the scaffolding 2 ) ] the ground of! Painting foreman and a co-worker were painting the side of a building to!, which are one or more platforms suspended by ropes or other,... In San Francisco 48 inches above the ground from an elevation of feet... Welding operations and knocked him from the top roof some 16 feet to a structurally portion! Type is suspended Scaffolds are often made of metal and sometimes used in close proximity to overhead power located! Barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter Counterweights must not be removed from an elevation of feet. Or placed in service after January 1, 2000 is 38 inches proper length each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting [! Of access each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting be [ or roof structure by fixed-length supports barricaded so employees are not permitted to...., see Planking crew was using an improvised suspension scaffold on top of a building in San.! With the platform and listed by a qualified person, and falling object hazards the. Inadequate Counterweights Cause two Deaths interior of a building in San Francisco and buckets! Building from a two-point suspension scaffold on top of a platform suspended the!, such as a turkey the building several places, including the of... A large, slow bird, such as a turkey personnel and/or tools and materials,... Hangers by u-bolts helper to the storage bin even though it had probably damaged. Became energized: NOTE: for more each scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting plank-type platforms, see Planking a three-man crew was an!

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