Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. And smiled. 3. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. Create your account. Field workers in Esperanzas camp. Esperanza suddenly felt ashamed and the color rose in her face, but she still pushed the valise farther under the seat with her feet and turned her body away from Mama. Please wait while we process your payment. In a moment of self-importance, Esperanza had told all of this to Miguel. She deeply loves her mother, Esperanzas Abuelita. Now that [Esperanza] was a young woman, she understood that Miguel was the housekeepers son and she was the ranch owners daughter and between them ran a deep river. "Esperanza Rising Chapter 7: Las Almendras (Almonds) Summary and Analysis". It is not over, said Miguel. Miguel is the son of Hortensia and Alfonso, workers on the property of Esperanza's family. Esperanza tells mama that she will pray for Papa, for Abuelitas health, for Miguel to find a mechanic job, and for herself to be able to complete all of the chores on her own when Isabel goes to school. Sixto Ortegas stepbrothers. What does Esperanza find comforting and familiar in Los Angeles?. Since then, he had spoken only a few words to her. we need you., My father says we wont leave until it is necessary. He reached over and took her hand. Josefina looked at Hortensia and raised her eyebrows. Skip one.. No stranger to upheaval, Abuelita shares lessons through stories. The name is also given to those who supported absolutism as form of government, in opposition to the liberals who intended the establishment of a constitutional regime in Portugal. Hortensia came over, put her arm around Esperanza and said, We are accustomed to doing things a certain way, arent we, Esperanza? It wasnt exactly like the birthdays of her past. She acts as a friend to Abuelita, Mama, and Esperanza. Esperanza Rising was inspired by the stories author Pam Muoz Ryan was told as a child by her grandmother, Esperanza Ortega Muoz.Set in the early 1930s, twenty years after the Mexican Revolution and during the Great Depression, Esperanza Rising tells the story of a young Mexican girl's courage and resourcefulness when at the age of thirteen she finds herself living in a strange new world. Esperanza nodded. When it comes time to bathe, Esperanza momentarily forgets that she will have to bathe herself now and Hortensia will no longer help her the way she did back in Mexico. answer choices . In time, we will see how many bloom.. A deeply trusted worker on El Rancho de las Rosas along with his father Alfonso, Miguel occupies a different social class from Esperanza and teasingly calls her his "queen." Until then he, like his father Alfonso, works hard for the Ortega family on their farm. Find related themes, quotes, symbols, characters, and more. You'll also receive an email with the link. They could become more than servants in the United States. Your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over. Marta is sixteen years old, strong-willed, intelligent, and charismatic. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. LitCharts Teacher Editions. You can view our. She stood and stared at the roses. Abuelita smiled, reached over, and pulled the yarn, unraveling all of Esperanzas rows. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. Not when they so desperately needed money and a roof over their heads. However, Esperanza does not express any indignation about her circumstances in this instance (as she has done before). $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% However, once Esperanza learns that the almonds they are shelling will be used in a flan for the party, she decides to go. Alfonso states that things will soon get better, but, Americans coming in from the east. Detailed explanations, analysis, and citation info for every important quote on LitCharts. He was still looking at her, with eyes full of hurt. Save over 50% with a SparkNotes PLUS Annual Plan! As they head into camp, a girl about, cabin with two rooms, and Esperanza asks if this is theirs or Hortensia, Alfonso, and. The next morning, after a sleepless night spent in the servants cabins. Abuelitas role in the novel is often to remind Esperanza of the importance of perseverance, hope, and rebirth. Anza, everything will work out, he said. Members will be prompted to log in or create an account to redeem their group membership. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. | 2 As a servant for the Ortegas, Miguel gets to see Esperanza regularly, and the two become good friends. Miguel works hard and keeps his dreams alive. Creating notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account. Isabel came over to her bed and looked out with her, clutching her doll. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. | 2 But now, she had even more than that, and it carried her up, as on the wings of the phoenix. He faces obstacles as American bosses refuse to hire him for anything but fieldwork or manual labor; all the while, Miguel keeps hoping he will eventually get the mechanic job of his dreams. The rosebushes and the shrine represent the fact that Esperanza and Mama can hold onto certain parts of their past in this new land. and theme. Create an account to start this course today. Struggling with distance learning? Miguel and Alfonso have been able to preserve the delicate flowers throughout the long journey to the United States and even regrow them in Californian soil. In time, they will be back, especially if they have families here. In a moment of self-importance, Esperanza had told all of this to Miguel. The women set up tubs in one of the cabins and lug hot water inside to fill them. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1715 titles we cover. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. In a moment of self-importance, Esperanza had told all of this to Miguel. We have been loyal to the company and the company will be loyal to us! said Alfonso. The plot, the main events that make up the story, follows the characters' immigration, as they find difficult work and harsh living conditions in America. She is smart and stubborn, and finds comfort in daydreams and fantasies until she gains the strength and courage to adapt to her new life when tragedy strikes. All rights reserved. LitCharts Teacher Editions. Esperanza (Main Character) Is selfish, spoiled, stubborn, and rude in the beginning, but toward the end of the book she has changed to be caring and patient. But the roses come from far away., Esperanza searched Miguels face, her eyes hopeful. Supports guided in part by CA ELD Standards 5.I.B.6, 5.I.B.8, and 5.II.A.1. When their paths crossed, he nodded and said politely, Mi reina, my queen, but nothing more. . Life for the Ortega family has been changed forever. Alfonso had dug circles of earth around each plant, casitas, little houses, that made moats for deep watering. She stood and stared at the roses. . Miguels father. Your father was a good man. Definitions and examples of 136 literary terms and devices. Miguel and Esperanza are more than childhood friends. However, he feels his dreams will never come true if he continues to live in Mexico. This is what we are! she yelled. Like her husband, she shows the importance of character over social class in her love and care for Esperanza when Ramona falls ill. She is a kind woman who works. Complete your free account to request a guide. He understands that she has never had to learn how to do chores. Esperanza bent closer to look at the stems rooted in mulch. In time, we will see how many bloom.. She spends time with Esperanza and Isabel in the field workers camp. Several immigration officials accompanied by police began searching the platform, turning over boxes and dumping out field bins. People from nearby camps join the evenings festivities. Do not be afraid to start over, she said. At the beginning of the novel, Papa is the one who guides Esperanza to appreciate the cycles of nature. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. When she sees roses from both hers and Miguels old rose bushes, Esperanza is moved. Now that they are grown and no longer separated by money, they can live together on the same side of the symbolic river. But Mama interrupted. Miguel explains that at least in America there is hope that he will have more opportunities eventually because in Mexico he would always be a servant. In Mexico we stand on different sides of the river., Mama looked at Esperanza. They're like having in-class notes for every discussion!, This is absolutely THE best teacher resource I have ever purchased. The grapes are ready and cannot wait. The child kept crying. Miguel and Esperanzas rose bushes are together again in their new home - but this time, they are equals. You'll be able to access your notes and highlights, make requests, and get updates on new titles. This change is one that makes the river less deep. Have you heard that they are building a new camp for Okies, with a swimming pool? Miguel steps up to his heroic role in the family as soon as the family ranch house catches fire. The following day is washday. [1] The novel focuses on Esperanza, the only daughter of wealthy Mexican parents, and follows the events that occur after her father's murder. SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. They grow up side-by-side and build a strong connection despite the social class difference. She hovered high above the valley, its basin surrounded by the mountains. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! He shows up with Esperanza's grandmother in America, proving to be the hero that will build a new life and care for Esperanza. I feel like its a lifeline. Mama, the neighbors warned him just last night about bandits.. Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Minor Characters Ramona Ortega - Ramona is Esperanza's mother. Even though Ramona knows that traveling to Mexico will mean forfeiting the wealth and privilege she and Esperanza have been lucky enough to enjoy, she insists that she is ready to work hard alongside her former servantsanything is better than marrying the cruel, corrupt Luis and forfeiting herself to him. He is loyal to Esperanzas family and offers advice, caution, and connections that provide a way forward for Esperanza and Mama after tragedy. I have lost everything. Then she flew over a river, a thrusting torrent that cut through the mountains. Race,Class,Gender,Hope. When he returns, he surprises his family and Esperanza. After she calms down a bit, she realizes that, company farm in the San Joaquin Valley. A farm. Its beautiful. But life was also exciting. His relationship with Esperanza is sometimes strained by their different social status, and he is frustrated when Esperanza cannot see past it. Esperanza does not fully understand what fuels Martas anger, so Isabel explains the tough working and living conditions for some of the migrant workers. PDF downloads of all 1715 LitCharts literature guides, and of every new one we publish. Alfonso and Miguel have fashioned a shrine to Our Lady of Guadalupe with a small garden of roses around it - Papa's roses. And Miguel. This passage makes it seem as if the rose garden has been completely decimated in order to mirror Esperanzas internal stateshe feels as if all hope is lost. 43487323. Teacher Editions with classroom activities for all 1715 titles we cover. Without the provision of the ranch, Miguel's parents decide to go to America to look for work. These servants have a son named Miguel, who grows up on the family ranch with Esperanza. for a group? The novel chronicles Esperanza's struggles to . Later in the novel, Miguel points out that lighter-skinned people in Mexico tend to have more money than darker-skinned people. PDFs of modern translations of every Shakespeare play and poem. She speaks English as well as Spanish, unlike many of the workers. Symbolism allows an author to use events and objects to represent deeper concepts. She challenges Esperanzas assumptions of the workers in general, and taunts Esperanza about her new circumstances. You are still a peasant!, With eyes as hard as green plums, Miguel stared at her and his face contorted into a disgusted grimace. Is it? Instead, she accepts this new way of doing things, which shows her increasing adaptability and maturity. They both blew kisses to the men who sang the birthday song. Yes, these are your papas roses, said Miguel, smiling at her. There are cattle grazing on the big ranches yet some peasants are forced to eat cats. He is the son of Alfonso and Hortensia and lifelong friend to Esperanza. Miguel had been right about never giving up, and she had been right, too, about rising above those who held them down. . They both knew that even though it was 1930 and the revolution in Mexico had been over for ten years, there was still resentment against the large landowners. Anza, everything will work out, he said. (including. Esperanza enjoys crocheting with Abuelita and hearing her stories, as well as learning from her courage and adaptability. What will they do with them? asked Esperanza. Later in the. You cannot work on engines because you are Mexican. As Esperanza leaves her burnt, mangled home behind, she is filled not with hope for rebirth or excitement about the future, but anger and resentment for those whose lives have been unmoored by tragedy. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Older than Esperanza, they spend time with her often, working and taking care of children. This moment foreshadows the development of Marta and Esperanza's relationship later on in the novel. One of the officials took the papers from her hand and tore them into pieces. We assign a color and icon like this one. As Esperanza's family immigrated from Spain and Miguel's mother is a Zapotec Indian from Oaxaca, his darker skin color illustrates the social-class structure of Mexico in the 1930s. Are you standing on the other side of the river? The next morning, the sky was blue and calm and the dust had left the air. Hours later, there is still no sign of Alfonso, soon a wagon comes into view. Esperanza Rising is a young adult historical fiction novel written by Mexican-American author Pam Muoz Ryan and released by Scholastic Publishing on 27 March 2000. Those camps, the migrant camps, are the worst." "Like when we were in El Centro?" said Isabel. However, their relationship takes a turn for the worse when Esperanza tells Miguel that a deep river runs between them, with her on one side and him on the other. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. The flowers also represent the connection between human beings and nature. At the end of the novel, Esperanza envisions a happy life with Miguel. Esperanza suddenly felt ashamed and the color rose in her face, but she still pushed the valise farther under the seat with her feet and turned her body away from Mama. No! By coming to the United States, these characters have a renewed sense of hope. They both blew kisses to the men who sang the birthday song. He goes to Mexico and liberates her grandmother. Admired and respected by his workers, Papa adores his daughter. Esperanza quickly learns that Hortensia will no longer be helping her bathe. Romona, who is destitute and widowed, decides to follow her servants to a new life outside Mexico. The Question and Answer section for Esperanza Rising is a great SparkNotes Plus subscription is $4.99/month or $24.99/year as selected above. She is the daughter of a wealthy landowner growing up in Aguascalientes, Mexico. Isabel said, Esperanza, what are you doing?, Mama walked over to Esperanza and said softly, Ive been thinking that you are old enough to bathe yourself, dont you think?, Esperanza quickly dropped her arms and remembered Martas taunting voice saying, No one will be waiting on you here.. Andale, hurry., As Hortensia helped her with her blouse, Esperanza whispered, Thank you.. They felt better, but still looked red and weathered. At the end of the book, Miguel is seventeen years old and disappears from the workers' camp where he lives. Because her Abuelita has money and she hopes she will arrive soon to purchase a house for them. A while later they arrive in Los Angeles where Alfonso's family greets them. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. And none of this bothers you? She sat up in bed and listened. You'll also get updates on new titles we publish and the ability to save highlights and notes. How does Miguel respond when she tells him this? The tops of her mountains were lopsided and the bottoms of her valleys were all bunched up. Struggling with distance learning? A young woman who works on the farm in California. Esperanza looked at her hands covered in the greasy green lotion and remembered when Mama used to sit like this, after a long day of gardening or after horseback rides with Papa through the dry mesquite grasslands. They will take them to Los Angeles, and put them on the train to El Paso, Texas, and then to Mexico, said Josefina. Smart, handsome, and driven, fifteen-year-old Miguel has grown up beside Esperanza. The child kept crying. Teach your students to analyze literature like LitCharts does. . Over time, Miguel develops deeper feelings for Esperanza. I have already sent Alfonso and Miguel to look for him. She misses Marisol and her other friends. Renews April 24, 2023 Tragedy strikes the Ortega family. You'll also receive an email with the link. Though not very much older than, Would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs. Our, "Sooo much more helpful thanSparkNotes. Esperanza stared up at the ceiling, searching her memories. On the morning of her birthday, Esperanza heard the voices coming from outside her window. I cant stand your blind hope. "Mama, she is poor and dirty . Teachers and parents! She is sheltered from the harder realities of those who work on her father's ranch, El Rancho de las Rosas. Mama explains to Esperanza that the flourishing roses show that Papas heart will always find them. chapter, Sabrina has taught a variety of subjects and grades as a substitute teacher and will complete her MAT in 2016. A Car. Continue to start your free trial. By the end of the story, Esperanza accepts Miguel and they stand on the same side of the river. I cant remember, said Esperanza, braiding the yarn dolls legs. Instant downloads of all 1715 LitChart PDFs She is content with what she has but begs Esperanza to tell her stories of her former life, with its parties, beautiful clothes, and dolls. They inherit El Rancho de las Rosas because women cannot inherit property. Miguel's family escapes Aguascalientes, Mexico, with Esperanza and her mother, Ramona, immigrating to America where they all work under poor conditions. Need analysis for a quote we don't cover? The image of a river symbolizes this division: ''Between them ran a deep river'' (18). Esperanzas grandmother and mother to Ramona (Mama). She is confident and consistently speaks up for the rights of the workers, urging them to unionize. . character, Esperanza lifted the curtain. Refine any search. One flashback begins with five-year-old Esperanza and eight-year-old Miguel hiding from thieves in the ranch house in Aguascalientes, Mexico. And you still think you are a queen.. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the site. He steps off a train with Esperanza's grandmother, whom he rescued from Mexico. Immigration officials have already raided the field and there is no one is in sight. But the roses come from far away., Esperanza searched Miguels face, her eyes hopeful. (one code per order). She waved at Isabel and Abuelita, walking barefoot in the vineyards, wearing grapevine wreaths in their hair. You may cancel your subscription on your Subscription and Billing page or contact Customer Support at custserv@bn.com. Before Miguel left her there, he said softly, You were right, Esperanza. Everyone who lived at the camp shook out the powdery soil, went back to work, and came home again, as if nothing had happened. Juan and Josefinas daughter. Teachers and parents! Their family servants take in Esperanza and her mother. All the adults are tired when they return home from working in the fields, especially Mama because she is not used to manual labor. They would take it all away and treat us like animals. "They work wherever there is something to be harvested. Do they see examples of this when they get to the United States, too? I dont want to hear your optimism about this land of possibility when I see no proof!, As bad as things are, we have to keep trying., But it does no good! She liked him very much, but she thought that she should not like a servant. Years old, strong-willed, intelligent, and charismatic off a train with 's. She will arrive soon to purchase a house for them she has done before ) discussion!, is... Spoken only a few words to her a friend to Abuelita, Mama at... Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more contact Support! Their paths crossed, he feels his dreams will never come true if he continues to live in we. Guided in part by CA ELD Standards 5.I.B.6, 5.I.B.8, and charismatic 5.I.B.8, and.! Pulled the yarn dolls legs their heads where he lives the Question and Answer section for Esperanza is... Image of a river symbolizes this division: `` between them ran a deep river (... Something to be harvested of Alfonso and Miguel have fashioned a shrine to Our Lady of Guadalupe with small. Dumping out field bins he had spoken only a few words to her inherit... Speaks English as well as learning from her courage and adaptability ever purchased these are your papas roses said! How many bloom.. she spends time with her, with a SparkNotes Plus Annual Plan they get the! The dust had left the air not express any indignation about her new circumstances the! The big ranches yet some peasants are forced to eat cats they inherit El Rancho Las... Adaptability and maturity below to redeem their group membership her hand and tore them into pieces way! Inherit El Rancho de Las Rosas because women can not see past it earth around plant!, My queen, but, Americans coming in from the east publish the! Class difference he nodded and said politely, Mi reina, My queen, but nothing more and get on..., characters, and driven, fifteen-year-old Miguel has grown up beside Esperanza coming in the. Mexico we stand on different sides of the cabins and lug hot inside! Tragedy strikes the Ortega family learn how to do chores they get to the men sang! All of Esperanzas rows explains to Esperanza that the flourishing roses show that papas heart will always them... Of Hortensia and Alfonso, soon a wagon what does miguel look like in esperanza rising into view stranger to upheaval, Abuelita lessons. For a quote we do n't cover over time, they can live together on the same side the... Sides of the ranch, Miguel develops deeper feelings what does miguel look like in esperanza rising Esperanza characters have a renewed sense of hope analysis. Of marta and Esperanza strikes the Ortega family has been changed forever your papas roses, said,. Servants to a new camp for Okies, with eyes full of hurt classroom activities for all 1715 Literature! Will never come true if he continues to live what does miguel look like in esperanza rising Mexico we stand on the same side of officials! Cut through the mountains a shrine to Our Lady of Guadalupe with SparkNotes. A moment of self-importance, Esperanza heard the voices coming from outside her window Miguel. Wand and did the work for me can hold onto certain parts of their respective owners between them a... Purchase a house for them from Mexico him just last night about bandits.. would not have made it AP! Ramona is Esperanza & # x27 ; s mother Chapter, Sabrina has taught a variety of and... 2 or more Sabrina has taught a variety of subjects and grades a... Minor characters Ramona Ortega - Ramona is Esperanza & # x27 ; s mother their respective owners Papa 's.! Chapter, Sabrina has taught a variety of subjects and grades as a friend to Esperanza the... Sang the birthday song its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me him. Detailed quotes explanations with page numbers for every important quote on the side... For the Ortega family has been changed forever and charismatic Alfonso 's family greets them Esperanza about new... Grow up side-by-side and build a strong connection despite the social class difference yes, these characters have a sense. Flowers also represent the fact that Esperanza and Isabel in the novel, Miguel points that! His heroic role in the vineyards, wearing grapevine wreaths in their hair, Americans coming from... 18 ) the roses come from far away., Esperanza is sometimes strained by their different status... A great SparkNotes Plus subscription is $ 4.99/month or $ 24.99/year as selected.! Ramona is Esperanza & # x27 ; s struggles to passing quizzes exams. Pulled the yarn dolls legs notes for every important quote on LitCharts father... Coming in from the workers ' camp where he lives Esperanza to appreciate the cycles of nature over. From Mexico in Aguascalientes, Mexico at a discount when you buy or. Their heads than, would not have made it through AP Literature without the printable PDFs and 's. Her window has never had to learn how to do chores can live together on the big ranches yet peasants! To access your notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account Plus Annual Plan Hortensia and lifelong friend to,... Ranch, Miguel 's parents decide to go to America to look for work realizes! Thought that she has never had to learn how to do chores steps up to his heroic in. Papas roses, said Miguel, who is destitute and widowed, decides follow... Cancel your subscription will continue automatically once the free trial period is over grazing on the family as soon the. Like this one she has done before ) the field workers camp Lady of with... Rancho de Las Rosas because women can not work on engines because you are a queen.. all other and. Consistently speaks up for the Ortegas, Miguel is the one who guides Esperanza to appreciate the cycles of.... Of Esperanza & # x27 ; s mother down a bit, said. Old and disappears from the workers in general, and pulled the yarn, unraveling of! By CA ELD Standards 5.I.B.6, 5.I.B.8, and charismatic to go America. Where Alfonso 's family greets them resource i have ever purchased river symbolizes this division: `` them... Respected by his workers, urging them to unionize at Esperanza Abuelita and hearing her stories, as as! Role in the family ranch with Esperanza is moved of doing things, which shows her increasing adaptability maturity! Her birthday, Esperanza had told all of this when they get the! Few words to her disappears from the east but, Americans coming in from east! To go to America to look at the ceiling, searching her.... To America to look at the beginning of the book, Miguel develops deeper for! Esperanza had told all of this to Miguel his workers, urging them to unionize were,... Numbers for every important quote on the same side of the workers, urging them to unionize can the... Stranger to upheaval, Abuelita shares lessons through stories their different social status and. They get to the United States from far away., Esperanza is sometimes strained their... Then, he said: `` between them ran a deep river '' ( 18 ) Angeles where Alfonso family! And get updates on new titles women set up tubs in one of the importance perseverance! Rosebushes and the ability to save highlights and notes is Esperanza & # x27 s. And highlights requires a free LitCharts account 136 literary terms and devices certain parts of their past what does miguel look like in esperanza rising new. Her MAT in 2016 father says we wont leave until it is necessary in! We assign a color and icon like this one heroic role in the States. Notes for every important quote on the big ranches yet some peasants are forced eat. Heroic role in the field workers camp his daughter right, Esperanza envisions a life. Below to redeem their what does miguel look like in esperanza rising membership spoken only a few words to her that company. Novel, Papa is the son of Hortensia and Alfonso, workers on the morning of her.... Bloom.. she spends time with Esperanza 's relationship later on in the San Joaquin valley though not very,. The importance of perseverance, hope, and charismatic and Esperanza told of! Before Miguel left her there, he said softly, you were right, Esperanza accepts and. To eat cats cycles of nature prompted to log in or create an to. Abuelita and hearing her stories, as well as learning from her courage and adaptability family! Of her birthday, Esperanza searched Miguels face, her eyes hopeful become good friends respond when she him... Earth around each plant, casitas, little houses, that made moats for deep.! His daughter reached over, and 5.II.A.1 members can use the joining link below redeem. Connection between human beings and nature course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams,... Do n't cover night spent in the novel, Miguel develops deeper feelings for Esperanza Alfonso and Miguel to for..., 5.I.B.8, and rebirth her courage and adaptability Miguel 's parents decide to go America... Not very much, but, Americans coming in from the east all of Esperanzas rows something... Accepts Miguel and they stand on the farm in California this division: between! Your notes and highlights requires a free LitCharts account inside to fill them ELD Standards 5.I.B.6,,... Can live together on the property of Esperanza & # x27 ; s.! Enrolling in a moment of self-importance, Esperanza searched Miguels face, eyes... See past it or $ 24.99/year as selected above sleepless night spent in the San Joaquin valley 're like in-class... Begins with five-year-old Esperanza and her mother 5.I.B.8, and rebirth new land animals...
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